The 2023 global stocktake at COP28 revealed major gaps between current commitments and the actions needed to limit warming to 1.5°C by 2030. Record-high temperatures and worsening impacts on vulnerable populations underscore the urgent need for stronger mitigation, adaptation, and financing.

With updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) due by early 2025, parliaments have a crucial opportunity to shape ambitious, achievable climate actions that protect vulnerable populations and ecosystems. Parliamentary oversight is key to ensuring accountability and alignment with global goals.

This toolkit provides targeted guidance for parliamentarians to oversee national climate efforts in line with the stocktake and NDC cycle.