This report is a synthesis report from a comparative study in Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique and South Africa on the effective use of parliamentary oversight in respect of the national responses to HIV/AIDS. The project was made possible by the Canadian Parliamentary Centre via the Africa-Canada Parliamentary Strengthening Programme funded by the Canadian International Development Agency through the Canada Fund for Africa, and coordinated and implemented by the Governance and AIDS Programme of Idasa (Idasa-GAP).