Parliamentarian’s responsibility to review and enact legislation makes them key actors in the fight against HIV/AIDS. Because of the far-reaching impacts of the pandemic, legislation is required in a number of areas to ensure adequate HIV prevention, treatment, care and support programs as well as the protection of the rights of those infected and affected by the disease. This learning module explores the legislative implications of HIV/AIDS and provides some key resources that parliamentarians can refer to when making decisions on HIV-related laws and legislative reform which includes a human rights-based approach.