The OSCE Regional Seminar on Parliamentary Oversight and Independent Institutions, held in Tirana, Albania, from 20-21 December 2010, provided an opportunity for staff from parliaments and independent institutions from South Eastern Europe (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Serbia) to discuss experiences of, and the challenges in, relationships between parliaments and independent institutions. The focus was on two key relationships between parliament and independent institutions: firstly, how parliaments can and should carry out oversight of these institution`s work, and, secondly, how parliaments can strengthen their own oversight of the executive by developing appropriate co-operation with independent institutions with oversight powers (in particular those with a constitutional/human rights remit, or those with authority for financial and auditing control).