This Handbook is an outcome of a Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD) project with the Arab Region Parliamentarians Against Corruption (ARPAC) and the Global Parliamentarians Against Corruption (GOPAC) on ‘Political Ethics and Conflicts of Interest’. This handbook has been designed by politicians for politicians. It is aimed, principally, at reform-minded members of parliament (MPs) but, will also be used by others (including citizens, Civil Society Organizations and the media) seeking to understand and improve standards of ethical conduct within legislative bodies. The handbook has two purposes, first, to describe and explain the constituent parts of a system of ethics and conduct that need to be implemented and, second, to identify the key issues for politicians in developing, implementing and enforcing such a system.