The Commonwealth Parliamentary Association organised a Study Group on “The Role of Parliamentarians in Combating the HIV/AIDS Pandemic” in 2005. The Study Group was convened to encourage Parliamentarians to develop their understanding of HIV/AIDS and its impact on society as a whole; to identify key factors that facilitate the spread of HIV/AIDS; to define the role and capacity of Members of Parliament, legislatures and the CPA in addressing the HIV pandemic in Commonwealth nations and around the globe, and to develop a Commonwealth-wide plan of action on the role of Members of Parliament, legislatures and the CPA in combating HIV/AIDS. This report details their findings, listing a number of suggestions and recommendations for future improvements in this field.