After several years of progress, the onset of a global recession threatens African countries’ economic growth, revenue streams, and democratization. To recover from the immediate crisis and restore progress toward the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the longer term, countries must look inward to their own fiscal policies that can help increase revenues. Further expansion of domestic resource mobilization is crucial to helping African countries finance their economic stimulus and renew progress toward the SDGs. Countries’ ability to deliver on social protection programs and critical public services like healthcare, education, and infrastructure — as part of current economic stimulus packages and beyond — likely depends on levels of domestic resource mobilization in low- and lower-middle-income countries.